Business communication notes in hindi pdf

#Business communication notes in hindi pdf serial

At the destination, data are extracted from one or more packets and used to reconstruct the original message. Messages are broken into units called packets, and sent from one computer to the other. In modern networks, data are transferred using packet switching. There are some port numbers which are dedicated for specific applications.

#Business communication notes in hindi pdf serial

The number of ports is not functionally limited, in contrast to serial communications where only 4 ports are allowed.

A port is identified by a number, the port number. An IP port will identify a specific application running on an Internet host machine. Ports -An IP address identifies a host machine on the Internet.

DNS servers are responsible for translating mnemonic textual Internet 3 addresses into hard numeric Internet addresses. Criteria considered: п‚® Geographical area (country) п‚® Organization, enterprise п‚® Department п‚® Host Domain Name System (DNS) -Mnemonic textual addresses are provided to facilitate the manipulation of internet addresses. InterNIC Register: organization in charge of the allocation of the address ranges corresponding to networks. Internet address Consists of 4 bytes separated by periods Example: 136.102.233.49 -The R first bytes (R= 1,2,3) correspond to the network address -The remaining H bytes (H = 3,2,1) are used for the host machine. Example: corresponding to the above numeric address. Example: 204.160.241.98 -Some networks also provide names that humans can more easily remember than numbers. Addresses are numeric quantities that are easy for computers to work with, but not for humans to remember. Each of the devices on the network can be thought of as a node each node has a unique address. A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected in some ways so as to be able to exchange data. Introduction Protocols Protocol Layers Network Interconnection/Internet